Project Background/Scope: Kidney disease leading to chronic kidney disease (CKD) and eventually kidney failure is a leading cause of death that is on the rise in the U.S. Kidney disease affects an estimated 37 million people in the U.S. (15% of the adult population; more than 1 in 7 adults). Approximately 90% of those with kidney disease don't know they have it! 1 in 3 adults in the U.S. (approximately 80 million) is at risk for kidney disease. Kidney disease is more common in women (14%) than men (12%). But for every 2 women who develop end-stage kidney disease (ESKD), 3 men’s kidneys fail.

Impedance (water content) and Edema (swelling): The delicate balance of fluid and blood circulating in the body is maintained through healthy function of the heart and kidneys, amongst other organs. If disease strikes these organs, fluid tends to migrate from within the vascular space (blood vessels) into soft tissues causing swelling (edema) and regional dysfunction. As humans largely exist in an upright fashion this fluid, because of gravity, tends to accumulate in the lower extremities. Having a device able to readily measure the water content of the leg as well as the edema (swelling) that develops will be an advance that can impact the lives of many patients, guiding therapy for fluid removal.

Movement: Additionally, many CKD patients and those on dialysis develop Restless Leg Syndrome (RLS) - a condition of overwhelming urge to move the legs during rest, which can be relieved temporarily by movement. Symptoms of RLS are estimated to affect up to 25% of patients on dialysis RLS has been associated with an increase in sleep disturbance, higher cardiovascular morbidity, decreased quality of life, and an increased risk of death in patients with CKD. Developing a sensor system able to measure the degree of leg movement, and record its extent and frequency will be of great value in managing this morbid condition. This sensor will be incorporated in an integrated device measuring water and edema.

Requirements: 1. Develop a system to measure the impedance of the lower extremity to determine leg water, relative to body water; 2. A series of stretch sensors incorporated in a stocking-like device to measure swelling at a given level of the leg; 3. Incorporated accelerometers to measure movement of legs – determining extent, frequency and pattern over time; 4. A software module and graphical user interface to provide data processing, readout, storage and telemetry of the data.

In many industries such as manufacturing or pharmaceuticals, there are many small items involved! Pills, screws, machined parts, very small rocks, you name it! These objects can be tedious to handle and time consuming to sort. Ain't nobody got time for that! If only there was a way to just..."sipht" through it all!
SIPhTR has many design challenges and will make use of many interesting pieces of technology.

Mechanical design to load items from the hopper to the staging area one at a time
Image acquisition hardware to clearly capture the item to be sorted
Computer electronics with image processing and sorting algorithms
Robotics to physically sort processed material
...And probably more!

A Three Tiered Challenge
Challenge 1 - SIPhT by COLOR!
Given an assortment of small items of uniform shape and size, SIPhTR shall sort by color
SIPhTR shall be able to physically sort at least 12 different colors, but the electronics shall be programmable to algorithmically sort more
Assumed size of bead to be used shall be a standard "perler" or fuse bead with dimensions as shown below
Challenge 2 - SIPhT by SHAPE!
Given an assortment of small items, SIPhTR shall sort by size and shape
SIPhTR shall be able to physically sort at least 12 unique sizes and shapes, but the electronics shall be programmable to algorithmically sort more
The resolution of objects to be sorted shall be 500 microns. SIPhTR shall support items as small as 3 mm3 and as large as 15 mm3.
Challenge 3 - SIPhT with OCR
Given an assortment of lettered beads, SIPhTR shall sort with optical character recognition (OCR)
Letters can be assumed to be from the roman alphabet
Lettered beads can be assumed to be uniform shape and size
Other Performance Specifications
Speed
In order to be as efficient as possible, SIPhTR should sort quickly! At a rate of at least 0.2 Hz (or 1 bead every 5 seconds) but the team should stretch for a rate of 1 Hz.

Project Goal: Visually explain the modern electric grid in an accessible and portable format.

Health interventions in at-home settings that collect physiological and behavioral data have seen rapid adoption of wearables technologies. Traditionally health science researchers have collected this data by requiring participants to come into the clinic. The data is often manually entered by participants using web based forms. Additionally methods providing customized feedback on progress to participants is fairly limited. Collectively these constraints limit the number of participants that can be enrolled in a study and often makes it challenging to ensure their sustained participation over the span of the intervention.

With recent advances in smart speakers and digital assistants with conversational AI capabilities such as Amazon Alexa, low cost wearables such as Fitbit and availability of smart home appliances such as programmable LED bulbs, the ability to implement a flexible, extensible and affordable Ambient Technology based health intervention with commercial off the shelf (CoTS) components is within reach for researchers. We would like to create a prototype for an integrated platform that utilizes FitBit devices to obtain physiological data and Amazon Alexa for interactive behavioral data capture, feedback and coordination with IoT devices such as LED lights.

Scope: (1) Design a system that allows researchers to ask participants specific set of questions through Alexa. (2) Capture participants' responses (3) Schedule conversational questionnaires based on time of the day or specific events/triggers.(4) Obtain data from FitBit wearable device and trigger specific questionnaires based on conditions (5) Develop a solution housing Alexa and home IoT devices to grab participant attentions for unfinished questionnaires and triggers.

When performing surgical procedures, surgeons will commonly use self-retaining retractors in order to facilitate visualization of the surgical field without the need for an assistant to retract the soft tissues. One potential complication of using self-retaining retractors is that excessive pressure can be applied to the soft tissues for extended periods of time. This can lead to problems, in particular nerve palsies that can cause pain and functional problems for patients. The purpose of this project is to design a self-retaining retractor that can measure pressure at the retainer-tissue interface. This equipment can then alert the surgeon if excessive pressure is being applied to minimize the chances of irreversible soft tissue trauma.

Jessica Cox is a graduate of the University of Arizona and the world's first armless pilot. She initially trained in and currently flies an Ercoupe. This airplane does not have rudder pedals. This allows Jessica to control the airplane and work the radios/navigation equipment with her feet. Jessica and her husband are currently working on building a Van's RV10, a larger, 4-seat airplane that is faster and more capable than an Ercoupe. This plane necessitates the use of rudder pedals for yaw control. The purpose of the this project is to design and build a control system for a Van's RV10 that can be used without arms and allows for 6-axis control of the airplane while allowing Jessica to control the navigation aids and radios.

Provide a quantifiable measurement for distortion in spherical radius mirrors
Be functional in a production environment
Time to perform inspection ≤20 seconds' target
Be adaptable to multiple mirror size and shapes
Primary concern:
16 x 24 inches (curved)
13.75 x 17.75 inches (curved)
Secondary concern:
4 x 12 inches (curved)
14 x 48 inches (flat)
Process must be repeatable
Process must be able to be used across multiple organizations

Design a prototype of the remote-controlled automated Transformer Bioreactor (TBR) based on the students' own designs of the efficient mechanical and electronic mechanisms needed while subject to the biological constraints of the cells to be grown in the TBR.

Background:
Approximately 2 million U.S. residents will develop excess fluid known as pleural effusions or ascites due to underlying terminal conditions. This excess fluid pushes on the internal organs making it difficult to breathe, eat, walk around, or conduct other normal daily activities. One treatment available is to have an Indwelling Pleural or Peritoneal Catheter implanted so that the patient can drain their excess fluid at home instead of having to go into the hospital. The patient uses bottles or bags to collect the fluid when their symptoms develop to collect and dispose of the excess fluid.

Project Scope:
Develop a functional prototype of an implantable smart medical drainage catheter that is able to:
1. Remove excess fluids from a bodily cavity and be collected into a sealed container to be disposed of safely (similar to existing drainage catheter devices on the market).
2. Automatically measure, record, and preferably wirelessly communicate the following parameters from the fluid in-line during removal:
- Total quantity of fluid drained over time
- Time and duration of drainage procedures
- Detection of clogs
- Biometric Measurements of Fluid: pH, oxygen, glucose, temperature

Retest existing garment prototypes (jacket, shirts, pants) with various metallic materials in them with different configurations. In addition, build and test helmet and backpack, using different materials and including nanotechnology. Graphene has come down in cost and is lightweight, and easy to incorporate in materials. We will need a mannequin, either the one we have or build a new one, that can measure voltage over chest wall/heart and skull area. We would also like to measure current and temperature. The mannequin and prototypes will then be tested at DNB engineering laboratories in Anaheim where they have a Marx Generator that can deliver 3 million volts. We will try and replicate lightning with direct and side splash voltage.

Website - http://www.zoltar.tech/

https://news.engineering.arizona.edu/news/staying-safe-when-lightning-strikes

https://icap.engineering.arizona.edu/news/2021/06/staying-safe-when-lightning-strikes